果物

Japanese

Etymology 1
果物 (kudamono, kabutsu): various kinds of fruit.
Kanji in this term
果 物
Grade: 4 もの
Grade: 3
irregular kun’yomi

Literally “tree's thing”. Originally a compound of 木 (ku, “tree”, shift from ancient ko pronunciation) +‎ だ (da, possessive marker between two nouns, only found in a few compounds) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[1][2]

The medial da is also seen in 獣 (kedamono, “beast”, literally “hairy thing”). The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) くだ​もの [kùdáꜜmònò] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝda̠mo̞no̞]

Noun

果物(くだもの) • (kudamono) 

  1. edible fruit that grows on trees or shrubs, such as oranges and apples, or sweet edible fruit that grows along the ground, such as strawberries and melons
Synonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 果(くだ)物(もの)急(いそ)ぎ (kudamono isogi): the act of often taking something from a selection of fruit or other sweets put out at a social gathering; a person who is quick to take items from such a selection
  • 果(くだ)物(もの)屋(や) (kudamonoya): a fruit store
  • 果(くだ)物(もの)籠(かご) (kudamono kago): a fruit basket
See also

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
果 物
か
Grade: 4		 ぶつ
Grade: 3
kan’on

/kwabut͡su/ → /kabut͡su/

Possibly from Middle Chinese compound 果物 (*guɑ *miət, literally “fruit thing”). Compare modern Mandarin 果物 reading guǒwù (rare), Cantonese gwo2 mat6 (rare).

Rarely used in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ka̠bɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

果(か)物(ぶつ) • (kabutsu) ←くわぶつ (kwabutu)?

  1. (rare) fruit
Usage notes

The kudamono reading is much more common in modern Japanese.

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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