形而上

Chinese

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Etymology

From the phrase 形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器 (“ways are on the upper end of imagery (beyond a physical image), objects are on the lower end of imagery”) in the I Ching.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xíng'érshàng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xíng'érshàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: síng-érshàng
  - Wade–Giles: hsing²-êrh²-shang⁴
  - Yale: syíng-ér-shàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngerlshanq
  - Palladius: синъэршан (sinʺeršan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵⁻⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶
  - Yale: yìhng yìh seuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ yi⁴ sêng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²²/

Noun

形而上

(philosophy) abstract or intangible things

Synonyms

形上 (xíngshàng)

Antonyms

形而下 (xíng'érxià)

Derived terms

形而上學／形而上学 (xíng'érshàngxué)
形而上語言／形而上语言 (xíng'érshàng yǔyán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
形	而	上
けい Grade: 2	じ Jinmeiyō	じょう Grade: 1
kan’on		goon

Etymology

Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a translation of English abstract, based on the phrase 形而上者謂之道 in the Book of Changes (《易經》).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けーじじょー [kèéjíjóó] (Heiban – [0])[2][5][2]
IPA^(key): [ke̞ːʑiʑo̞ː]

Noun

形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう) • (keijijō) ^{←けいじじやう (keizizyau)^?}

(philosophy) abstract or intangible things
Antonym: 形而下 (keijika)

Derived terms

形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう)絵(かい)画(が) (keijijō kaiga)
形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう)学(がく) (keijijōgaku)
形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう)派(は)詩(し) (keijijō-ha shi)

References

1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
“形而上”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881), “哲学字彙”, in National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics‎, University of Tokyo, page 1
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
形	而	上

Noun

形而上 • (hyeong'isang) (hangeul 형이상)

Hanja form^? of 형이상.

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[1] 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] “形而上”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

[4] Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881), “哲学字彙”, in National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics‎, University of Tokyo, page 1

[SMK5-5] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN