彌勒

See also: 弥勒

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Etymology

From a historical Prakrit in forms like *Metreka, due to alternation of -k- and -y- that can be found in Prakrit languages such as Gandhari and Ashokan Prakrit. Ji (1998v11) considers the most likely direct ancestor to be Tocharian A Metrak, which also gave rise to Tocharian B Maitrāk. Cf. Bactrian Μετραγα (Mētraga) (Karashima, 2010); connected to the Gandhari 𐨨𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅𐨩‎ (metreya) and Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya). However, the frequently-cited form Maitreya is not a direct ancestor. Ji (ibid.) further finds the root of both the word and the religious figure in Sanskrit मैत्री (maitrī, “goodwill; close union; friendship”) and related to मित्र (mitra, “Mitra”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Mílè

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁴ lak⁶
Min Dong (BUC): Mì-lĕk
Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): Bî-le̍k / Bî-lia̍k / Mî-le̍k / Nî-le̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Mílè
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Mílè
  - Wade–Giles: Mi²-lê⁴
  - Yale: Mí-lè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Mileh
  - Palladius: Милэ (Milɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁴ lak⁶
  - Yale: mèih lahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁴ lak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁴ leg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²¹ lɐk̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Mì-lĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bî-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Bî-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bilek
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bi²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bî-lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Bî-lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biliak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bi²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Mî-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Mî-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: milek
  - IPA (Taipei): /mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Nî-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Nî-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nilek
  - IPA (Taipei): /nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: mjie lok

Rime
Character	彌	勒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	登 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	武移切	盧則切
Baxter	mjie	lok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇ/	/lək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛ/	/lək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mjɛ/	/lək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miə̆/	/lək̚/
Li Rong	/mie/	/lək̚/
Wang Li	/mǐe/	/lək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mie̯/	/lək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mí	lè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁴	lak⁶

Proper noun

彌勒

(～佛, ～菩薩) (Buddhism) Maitreya
(～市) Mile (a county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)

Synonyms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

彌勒佛／弥勒佛 (Mílèfó)
彌勒菩薩／弥勒菩萨 (Mílè Púsà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (彌勒):

→ Japanese: 弥(み)勒(ろく) (Miroku)
→ Korean: 미륵(彌勒) (Mireuk)
→ Vietnamese: Di Lặc (Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value))

Others:

→ Korean: 미러 (Mireo, “Mile”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
彌	勒

Proper noun

彌勒 • (Mireuk or McCune-Reischauer: Mirŭk or Yale: Miluk) (hangeul 미륵)

Hanja form^? of 미륵 (“Maitreya”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
彌	勒

Proper noun

彌勒

chữ Hán form of Di Lặc (“Maitreya”).

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.