常在

"(Hokkien) often"

The first character has an irregular pronunciation in this word. The Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary (1932) considers it to be borrowed from Mandarin. Along with John Macgowan's "English and Chinese Dictionary of the Amoy Dialect" (1883), they both interpret chhiâng-chāi as "constantly present", but modern dictionaries, such as 《台灣話大詞典》, assign siông-chāi to that sense.

常在

1. to exist always; to be constantly present

常在

1. (historical) first-class female attendant during the Qing dynasty

常在

1. (Zhangping, Taiwanese Hokkien) often; frequently; usually

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• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “常在”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary] (in Taiwanese Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
• Macgowan, John (1883), “Present”, in English and Chinese Dictionary of the Amoy Dialect, Amoy & London: A. A. Marcal and Trubner & Co. 57 Ludgate Hill, page 397
• 《台灣話大詞典》　(Tâi-ôan-ōe tōa-sû-tián), Taipei, 2002 →ISBN