加油

Chinese

Chinese phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

FWOTD – 15 November 2014

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Etymology

It started to be used as an interjection in the '60s and '70s during the Macau Grand Prix when people start chanting "加油", urging the drivers to step on the gas pedal to increase speed. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāyóu

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹ jau^4-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâ-yù

(Meixian, Guangdong): ga¹ yu²
Jin (Wiktionary): jia¹ iou¹
Min Dong (BUC): gă-ìu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ka-iû / kee-iû

(Teochew, Peng'im): gia¹ iu⁵ / gê¹ iu⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Shanghainese): ¹ka ⁶yeu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāyóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiayóu
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹-yu²
  - Yale: jyā-yóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiayou
  - Palladius: цзяю (czjaju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāyóur
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚㄧㄡˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiayóur
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹-yu²-ʼrh
  - Yale: jyā-yóur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiayoul
  - Palladius: цзяюр (czjajur)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ jɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaa¹ jau^4-2
  - Yale: gā yáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ jau^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ yeo^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ jɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-yù
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga´ iuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ yiu²
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴ i̯u¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-yù
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga´ (r)iuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ yiu²
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴ (j)i̯u¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ga¹ yu²
  - Sinological IPA: /ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iu¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jia¹ iou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia¹¹ iəu¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gă-ìu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵⁵ ieu⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-iû
  - Tâi-lô: ka-iû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ka'iuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ iu²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ iu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-iû
  - Tâi-lô: kee-iû
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² iu¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gia¹ iu⁵ / gê¹ iu⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia iû / ke iû
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kia³³⁻²³ iu⁵⁵/, /ke³³⁻²³ iu⁵⁵/

Note:

gia1 iu5 - as an interjection;
gê1 iu5 - "to refuel".

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wugniu: ¹ka ⁶yeu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation: ¹ka ³hhieu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁴⁴ ɦiɤ²³/

Verb

加⫽油 (verb-object) (intransitive)

(literally) to oil; to lubricate
(literally) to refuel
(figuratively) to refuel to accelerate; to hit the gas
(figuratively) to make extra effort; to work hard
(figuratively) to cheer someone on

Synonyms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

加油加醋
加油機／加油机
加油添醋
加油添醬／加油添酱
加油站 (jiāyóuzhàn)
火上加油 (huǒshàngjiāyóu)
空中加油
空中加油飛機／空中加油飞机

Interjection

加油！

come on!; go for it!; go!
加油，你能行的！ ― Jiāyóu, nǐ néng xíng de! ― Come on, you can do it!

中國，加油！／中国，加油！ ― Zhōngguó, jiāyóu! ― Go, China!

Usage notes

This interjection is idiomatic. It is mainly used during sporting events, games or competitions, or just to encourage someone.

Synonyms

(informal) 乾巴得／干巴得 (gānbādei)
(Sichuanese) 雄起 (xióngqǐ)

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