公家

Chinese

	just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
trad. (公家)	公	家
simp. ^#(公家)	公	家
anagram	家公

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngjiā

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ gaa¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kong-ka / kong-kee

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ gê¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjiā → gōngjia (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧㄚ → ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongjiå
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chia⁵
  - Yale: gūng-jya
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong.jia
  - Palladius: гунцзя (gunczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/ → /kʊŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ gaa¹
  - Yale: gūng gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-ka
  - Tâi-lô: kong-ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongkaf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ ka³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kee
  - Tâi-lô: kong-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong¹ gê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong ke
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ ke³³/

Adjective

公家

public

Antonyms

私家 (sījiā), 私人 (sīrén)

Noun

公家

the state
the public
imperial family
royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government

Synonyms

(royal court):

上國／上国 (shàngguó) (as termed by vassal states)
世 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
中國／中国 (zhōngguó) (archaic)
公庭 (gōngtíng)
國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
朝廷 (cháotíng)
王室 (wángshì)
王家 (wángjiā)
王朝 (wángcháo)
皇室 (huángshì)
皇朝 (huángcháo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (公家):

→ Japanese: 公家(くげ) (kuge); 公家(こうか) (kōka)

Pronunciation 2

Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): kong-ke / kong-kee

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-ke
  - Tâi-lô: kong-ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongkef
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kee
  - Tâi-lô: kong-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

Verb

公家

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou Min Nan) to work together; to operate jointly

Adverb

公家

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese Hokkien) jointly; together
公家出 ― kongke chhut ― (everyone) pay together

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
公	家
く Grade: 2	け > げ Grade: 2
goon

Alternative spelling
公卿

/kuᵑ ke/ → /kuɡe/

From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese. Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”).

The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くげ [kùgé] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɡe̞]

Noun

公(く)家(げ) • (kuge)

the imperial court
Synonym: 朝廷 (chōtei)
the emperor and courtiers
the nobility in general
Synonyms: 公 (ōyake), 官家 (kanke)

Derived terms

公(く)家(げ)悪(あく) (kugeaku)
公(く)家(げ)荒(あ)れ (kugeare)
公(く)家(げ)華(か)族(ぞく) (kuge kazoku)
公(く)家(げ)方(がた) (kugegata)
公(く)家(げ)故(こ)実(じつ) (kuge kojitsu)
公(く)家(げ)詞(ことば) (kugekotoba)
公(く)家(げ)侍(ざむらい) (kugezamurai)
公(く)家(げ)衆(しゅう) (kugeshū)
公(く)家(げ)被(ひ)官(かん) (kuge hikan)
公(く)家(げ)屋(や)敷(しき) (kuge yashiki)
公(く)家(げ)読(よ)み (kugeyomi)
青(あお)公(く)家(げ) (aokuge)
糟(かす)公(く)家(げ) (kasukuge)
禁(きん)中(ちゅう)並(ならびに)公(く)家(げ)諸(しょ)法(はっ)度(と) (kinchū narabi ni kuge shohatto)
相馬(そうま)公(く)家(げ) (Sōma kuge)
鍋(なべ)取(と)り公(く)家(げ) (nabetori kuge)
生(なま)公(く)家(げ) (namakuge)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
公	家
こう Grade: 2	か Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Rarely used.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーか [kóꜜòkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːka̠]

Noun

公(こう)家(か) • (kōka)

(rare) the imperial court
(rare) the emperor and courtiers

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
公	家
こう Grade: 2	け Grade: 2
kan’on	goon

Mixed reading, using the 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) for 公 and the 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) for 家.

Rarely used.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーけ [kóꜜòkè] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːke̞]

Noun

公(こう)家(け) • (kōke)

(rare) the imperial court
(rare) the emperor and courtiers

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN