ちゃんころ

Japanese

Etymology

The word chankoro itself is meaningless syllables in Japanese with no etymological root in Japonic so it is believed to be a mispronunciaton of a Chinese word.

There are three theories:

  • From Japanese hearing a mispronunciation of the Chinese word Zhōngguórén (中国人) which means Chinese person. In Japanese the characters are normally read as chūgokujin.
  • A Japanese mispronunciation or distortion of Taiwanese Hokkien Minnan (Southern Min Chinese) reading of Hokkien 清國奴 (Chheng-kok-lô͘, literally “Qing slave”).)
  • Japanese mispronouncing after hearing Chinese students say the word qīngguórén (清国人) (Qing country person, meaning a Qing subject or citizen).) The characters are normally read as Shinkokujin in Japanese.

The second theory is on shaky ground since the alleged originator of the Taiwanese term were Han Taiwanese themselves living in Qing Taiwan.

In reality, Han Chinese were specificaly exempted from referring to themselves as slaves of the Qing emperor and only Manchu bannermen were required to refer to themselves as slaves of the Qing Emperor.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The Qing dynasty also ruled multiple ethnic groups including Mongols, Uyghurs and Tibetans and enslaved members of those ethnic minorities.

Noun

ちゃんころ or チャンコロ • (chankoro) 

  1. (ethnic slur) Chink (person of Chinese descent)
  2. (Chan 銭 (the character means money, pronounced as zeni) , a homonym for something small and insignificant[7] (Chan is a corruption of the Tō-on reading 'chen' of the character 銭[8]).)

References
  1. Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2017) Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861-1928 (Studies on Ethnic Groups in China)‎, University of Washington Press, →ISBN, page 109: “Whereas Han officials referred to themselves as “your minister” (chen), Manchus called themselves “your slave” (nucai). Li Hongcai, speaking perhaps for Duanfang, said that it was demeaning for Manchus (Manren), even if they were ...”
  2. Hsiung, James Chieh (2012) (please provide the title of the work)‎, World Scientific, →ISBN, page 78: “For instance, in Court rituals on how officials were to address the Court and one's self, the Manchu way was observed. The Court was called the “Heavenly Court” (Ttifi), and all officials called themselves “Your Majesty's Slave(s)” ...”
  3. China's Republican Revolution‎, University of Tokyo Press, 1994, →ISBN, page 12: “Whereas Han officials referred to themselves as chen ( your minister ) , Manchus referred to themselves as nucai ( your slave ) . Li Hongcai , speaking for Duanfang , said that it was demeaning for Manchus ( Manren ) , especially when ...”
  4. Williams, John Randolph (2005) Fraud and Inquest in Jiangnan: The Politics of Examination in Early Qing China‎, University of California, Berkeley, page 230: “On 25 March , Gali composed and dispatched a lengthy Manchu language memorial pleading his case and begging Xuanye's ... these documents usually opened with the formula " Your official [ for Han officials ] / slave [ for Manchu ...”
  5. Peyrefitte, Alain (2013) The Immobile Empire‎, illustrated, reprint edition, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 46:
    Your slave will send qualified officials to unload the tribute and transport it to Peking . " " 18 Proud jubilation at the humble pilgrimage from the ends of the earth . A watchful eye on the barbarians , who could never be trusted . Canton and take the land route to Peking , as foreign * In general , when Manchu mandarins addressed the emperor , they referred to themselves as nucai , " Your slave . " Han Chinese mandarins tended to say chen , " Your servant . The Chinese mandarins did not regard themselves as slaves of the sovereign of the steppes .
  6. Peyrefitte, Alain (1993) The Collision of Two Civilisations: The British Expedition to China in 1792-4‎, Translated by Jon Rothschild, illustrated, reprint edition, Harvill, →ISBN, page 46: “In general , when Manchu mandarins addressed the emperor , they referred to themselves as nucai , " Your slave . ... chen , “ Your servant . ” The Chinese mandarins did not regard themselves as slaves of the sovereign of the steppes .”
  7. 『大辞林』三省堂 →ISBN
  8. 『広辞苑』「ちゃん」
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