たたかう

Japanese
Alternative spellings
戦う
闘う

Etymology

From the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) tataka of verb 叩く (tataku, “to strike”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetitive or ongoing action) → “to strike repeatedly” → “to fight”.[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Verb

たたかう • (tatakau) ←たたかふ (tatakafu)?godan (stem たたかい (tatakai), past たたかった (tatakatta))

  1. to battle, to fight, to wage war
    • 1916, Tetsuro Watsuji, Conversion:
      しかしこの敵(てき)と戦(たたか)っている間(あいだ)に、他(ほか)の敵(てき)が背(はい)後(ご)へ回(まわ)っていた。
      Shikashi kono teki to tatakatte iru aida ni, hoka no teki ga haigo e mawatte ita.
      But while he was battling this enemy, another had come up behind him.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1922, Torahiko Terada, Clear Reminiscence:
      しかし自(じ)分(ぶん)の弱(よわ)さと戦(たたか)う戦(せん)士(し)としては決(けっ)して弱(よわ)くなかった。
      Shikashi jibun no yowasa to tatakau senshi toshite wa kesshite yowakunakatta.
      Yet he was not a weak soldier as a soldier fighting his own weakness.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    Synonym: (wage war) 戦争する (sensō suru)
  2. to compete (in a match, for example)
    Synonyms: 競争する (kyōsō suru), 試合する (shiai suru), 勝負する (shōbu suru), 争う (arasou)
  3. to contend (for one's own interests)
    Synonym: 争う (arasou)
  4. (figuratively) to get through with one's sufferings or difficulties
    Synonym: 闘病する (tōbyō suru)
  5. (literally) to hit or strike repeatedly
    Synonym: 乱打する (randa suru)

Usage notes

The 戦う spelling is used in a broader sense than 闘う:

敵(てっ)国(こく)と戦(たたか)う ― tekkoku to tatakau ― battle in an enemy country
選(せん)挙(きょ)で戦(たたか)う ― senkyo de tatakau ― compete in the elections
暑(あつ)さと闘(たたか)う ― atsusa to tatakau ― beat the heat

Conjugation
Conjugation of "たたかう" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") たたかわ tatakawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") たたかい tatakai
Shūshikei ("terminal") たたかう tatakau
Rentaikei ("attributive") たたかう tatakau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") たたかえ tatakae
Meireikei ("imperative") たたかえ tatakae
Key constructions
Passive たたかわれる tatakawareru
Causative たたかわせる
たたかわす		 tatakawaseru
tatakawasu
Potential たたかえる tatakaeru
Volitional たたかおう tatakaō
Negative たたかわない tatakawanai
Negative continuative たたかわず tatakawazu
Formal たたかいます tatakaimasu
Perfective たたかった tatakatta
Conjunctive たたかって tatakatte
Hypothetical conditional たたかえば tatakaeba
Classical conjugation of "たたかふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) たたかはtatakafa
Continuative (連用形) たたかひtatakafi
Terminal (終止形) たたかふtatakafu
Attributive (連体形) たたかふtatakafu
Realis (已然形) たたかへtatakafe
Imperative (命令形) たたかへtatakafe
Key constructions
Negative たたかはずtatakafazu
Contrasting conjunction たたかへどtatakafedo
Causal conjunction たたかへばtatakafeba
Conditional conjunction たたかはばtatakafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) たたかひきtatakafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) たたかひけりtatakafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) たたかひつtatakafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) たたかひぬtatakafinu
Perfect-continuative tense たたかへり
たたかひたり		tatakaferi
tatakafitari
Volitional たたかはむtatakafamu

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 戦(たたか)い (tatakai, “a fight, a battle”)
  • 闘(たたかい)構(がま)え (tatakaigamae, “the 鬥 enclosing radical, a component of certain kanji characters”)
  • 戦(たたか)い取(と)る (tatakaitoru, “to take through fighting or battle”)
  • 戦(たたか)い抜(ぬ)く (tatakainuku, “to fight through to the end”)

See also

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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