ܗܘ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

From Aramaic הוּא (), from Proto-Semitic *šuʔa; compare Arabic هُوَ (huwa), Hebrew הוּא (hu) and Akkadian 𒋗𒌑 (šū).

Pronunciation

  • (standard) IPA(key): [awaː]

Pronoun

ܗ̇ܘ • (awa) m sg (plural ܐܵܢܝܼ (anī), feminine ܗ̇ܝ (aya))

  1. (personal) he, it
  2. (intensive) he himself, it itself
  3. sometimes used somewhat like a definite article; the
  4. (demonstrative) that

Usage notes

  • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic does not have a neuter gender. The sense of “it” comes when translating Assyrian inanimate nouns that are grammatically masculine into English inanimate nouns that are usually neuter.
  • As an intensive pronoun, ܗ̇ܘ (awa) must come before the noun it describes.

See also

  • (-ēh, singular enclitic object form)
  • -ܘܗܝ (-uh, plural enclitic object form)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šuʔa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [hu]

Pronoun

ܗܘ • () m (plural ܗܢܘܢ, feminine singular ܗܝ, feminine plural ܗܢܝܢ)

  1. (personal) he, it
  2. (intensive) he himself, it itself
  3. sometimes used somewhat like a definite article; the
Usage notes
  • Syriac does not have a neuter gender. The sense of "it" comes when translating Syriac inanimate nouns that are grammatically masculine into English inanimate nouns that are usually neuter.
  • As an intensive pronoun, Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) must come before the noun it describes.

Etymology 2

Modified from above, with the initial consonant quiescing.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [-(ʔ)u] (after a word ending in a consonant)
  • IPA(key): [-w] (after a word ending in a vowel, forming a diphthong)

Pronoun

ܗܘ • ([h]ū, -w) m (plural ܐܢܘܢ, feminine singular ܗܝ, feminine plural ܐܢܝܢ)

  1. an enclitic used as a copula for a third-person singular masculine subject; he is, it is
  2. (with a preceding first- or second-person singular pronoun) an enclitic used as a copula for a singular masculine subject; (I) am, (you) are
Usage notes
  • Usually, the form Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) is written separately from the word it follows while the alternative form (-w) is written together with the word it follows.
See also
  • ܐܝܬܘܗܝ

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [hɑw], [haw]

Adjective

ܗܘ • (hāw) m (plural ܗܢܘܢ, singular feminine counterpart ܗܝ, plural feminine counterpart ܗܢܝܢ)

  1. (demonstrative) that
Usage notes
  • As an attributive adjective, Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) can come either before or after the noun it describes without any change in meaning.

Pronoun

ܗܘ • (hāw) m (plural ܗܢܘܢ, feminine singular ܗܝ, feminine plural ܗܢܝܢ)

  1. (demonstrative) that thing, that one
  2. used somewhat like a definite article; the
Usage notes
  • The sense of the definite article "the" is used especially when translating Ancient Greek texts, being the equivalent of the Ancient Greek masculine singular definite article (ho).

References

  • hw”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-06-16
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 74a-b
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 100b-101a
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 333a
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