Introduction
Information has a variety of meanings, from everyday talks to High Tech settings. Generally, the concept of information is closely relavant to issues of communications, control, data, instruction, knowledge, meanining, pattern, perception, and representation.
Voice, Video, and Data
- Voice is practically the sound, that comes from our mouths and carried by sound waves. Sound waves can't carry it too far, so with a help of a microphone voice singals are converted to their electical equivalents, then carried by the electric wires. When the electric signal reaches destination, it is converted back to audio signal by a speaker.
- Video is a motion picture which is a quickly-changing image.. It works the same principle as an audio transmission, yet with a different information. Video camera converts the image to an electrical signal. The electrical signal travels through the electric wires, and reaches the destination. There it is converted back to visual by a TV.
Elements of the communication systems
- For humans, signal is a piece of meaningful information, yet the electrical/electronic definition of signal would be
- A signal is a physical, and time-dependant energy used to convey information through the transmission line.
- Source is the originator of message, also known as Transmitting End
- Transmitting equipment
- Receiving End
- Receiving equipment
Signals Carry
- Message - the information itself
- Meta data - the information the electronic transmitting media can require, which is
- messages' order
- message's length
- coding techniques
Signaling is a process of exchanging information on matter of the connection establishment, and managing telecom networks.
- Signals can be analog and digital.
Block Diagram Approach
Fundamental Laws
Social Aspects
Signals: Analog and Digital
Analogue Signals
By definition, an analogue signal is a signal which is continuous in both time and amplitude. Sine and Cosine functions may be considered as basis of analogue signals with the variable parameters of Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase.
Discrete Time Signals
Digital signals
Gain Loss and Decibels
Analog Transmission
Baseband vs Bandpass
Modulation
Amplitude Modulation
Frequency Modulation
Bandwidth
Analog to Digital Transmission
Filtering and Spectral Analysis
Signals and channels
Digital transmission
Digital Data and Transmission
Baud Rate
Techniques of Transmission
Encoding
Modems
Digital to Analog modulation
Multiplexing
Mechanics of Digital Transission
Transmission Media
MEDIA and ENERGY TYPE
Copper-Twisted( (UTP/STP)) = (E/T Electrical Energy)
Coaxial Cable = (E/T Electrical Energy)
Optical Fiber = (E/T Light / Laser)
Air = (E/T Sound)
Free Space = (E/T Elecotro Magnatice Waves)
Networks
Topologies
Physical Layout
Layers
Physical And Logical
Archtecture and Characteristics
Network Management
Bibliography and Credits
- NYC Collete of Technology, Introduction to Telecommunication course notes by professor D.K.Mynbaev, PhD
- ASA Institute course notes to the Intro to Telecom course by Eleonora Beniaminova.